P.C. Mahalanobis

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             P.C. Mahalanobis   A well-known Indian statistician and scientist, Mahalanobis is greatly popular for introducing new methods of sampling. His most significant contribution in the field of statistics was the 'Mahalanobis Distance'. Besides, he had also made pioneering studies in the field of anthropometry and had founded the Indian Statistical Institute.  Originally, the family of Mahalanobis belonged to Bikrampur, Bangladesh. As a child. Mahalanobis grew up in an environment surrounded by socially active refoemers and intellectuals. He had his initial education from Brahmo Boys School Calcutta. Further, he enrolled himself into Presidency College and got a BSc degree with specialisation in physics. In 1913, Mahalanobis left for England for ther stodies and came in contact with S. Ramanujan, the famous mathematician from India. After completion of his studies. he returned
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Sushruta

                     Sushruta

An ancient Indian surgeon from almost 2500 years ago, Sushruta made numerous contributions to the field, of surgery. Sushruta is regarded as  the Father of Surgery. In his book Sushruta Samhita, he described over 300 surgical procedures, 120 surgical instruments and classified human surgery categories. He lived, taught and practised his art on the banks of the Ganges which is now called Varanasi in North India.



 Some of his contributions include surgical demonstration of techniques of making incisions, probing, extraction of foreign bodies, alkali and thermal cauterization, tooth extraction, excisions, and so on. He also described removal of the prostate gland, urethra, hernia surgery, caesarian section, and so on. He classified details of six types of dislocations, 12 varieties of fractures and types of bones and their reaction to injuries. He has written about 76 signs of various eye diseases, symptoms, prognosis, medical/surgical interventions and cataract surgery. There is also the description of a method of stitching the intestines by using ant- heads as stitching material. He even introduced the use of wine to minimize the pain of surgical incisions. 

Sushruta provided details of almost 650 drugs of animal, plant, and mineral origin. Other chapters in Sushruta Samhita emphasizes on the well-being of children and expectant mothers. Sushruta had also written in detail about the symptoms of poisoning, first-aid measures and long-term treatment, as well as classification of poisons and methods of poisoning. The Sushruta Samhita was translated into Arabic and later into Persian. These translations helped to spread the science of Ayurveda far beyond India.
Location: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

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